A sedentary lifestyle or, conversely, physical overload, injuries and poor posture have a negative impact on the spine.The result is osteochondrosis, a chronic degenerative disease of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs.To one degree or another, pathology is present in every elderly person, but at the same time there is a tendency for an earlier onset of the disease - in 30-40-year-olds.Despite the fact that osteochondrosis is an irreversible disease, its manifestations can be reduced and the quality of life can be significantly improved.We tell you what to do next.
What is osteochondrosis?
The disease causes deformation and destruction of the vertebrae.In addition, atrophic changes occur in the intervertebral discs - they flatten, burst and stop performing shock-absorbing functions.As a result, the vertebral bodies can come into contact and press on the nerve endings.The pathology is accompanied by pain, limited joint mobility and other symptoms.
Depending on the area of damage, osteochondrosis of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions is distinguished.The disease of the first and third type most often occurs in areas at the transition of the static and movable parts of the spine.It is the vertebrae in the neck and lower back that are exposed to increased stress and, as a result, degenerative changes.
Causes of the disease
Osteochondrosis is often called a disease of civilization.The life of a modern person does not require active physical activity, so many people face the problem of decreased muscle tone.Weak muscles cannot support the spine in the correct position and problems with posture begin.If we add to this the static loads on the spine during sedentary or standing work, as well as excess weight and bad habits, then the reason for the development of osteochondrosis in many people under the age of 40 becomes clear.
The appearance of the disease is facilitated by:
- back injuries;
- overload during irregular strength training;
- stoop when walking, habit of sitting unevenly;
- Frequent lifting of heavy objects with the load on the back rather than the legs;
- shock loads on the spine (eg among transport drivers).
In addition, osteochondrosis can occur as a result of hereditary predisposition, certain diseases of the endocrine system and other diseases of the musculoskeletal system.In its development, pathology goes through several stages, so it is very important to pay attention to the smallest changes in well-being.
Symptoms of osteochondrosis
The initial stage of the development of the disease is chondrosis.At this stage, degenerative changes affect only the intervertebral discs.Few patients are aware of the symptoms of chondrosis:
- less regular back and neck pain;
- slight difficulty in turning the head;
- postural disturbances (bending, raising one shoulder in relation to the other, bending the lower back forward, etc.);
- fatigue.
These signs can appear at a young age (20-25 years), but they do not cause serious discomfort.More pronounced symptoms of osteochondrosis appear after about 35 years of age due to the development of complications.In this case, patients already notice severe pain, which can be local and distant.
In case of injury to the cervical spine |
In case of injury to the lower back |
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Diagnosis of osteochondrosis
The disease is identified by a neurologist or vertebrologist based on the patient's complaints and data from a number of examinations:
- radiography of the spine and its individual segment in two projections;
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
In addition, the patient may need to consult a therapist and doctors from other specialties about chronic diseases that may have similar symptoms or worsen the course of osteochondrosis.For example, pain under the shoulder blade and collarbone can trigger cardiovascular disease.
Tablets and vitamins for osteochondrosis
To relieve pain, eliminate muscle spasms and reduce inflammation, the doctor can prescribe painkillers in the form of tablets and injections.Long-term use of tablets is not permitted, as side effects may occur.In accordance with the instructions, you cannot take the drugs for more than 5-7 days in a row, after which other measures are required.
When nerve roots are compressed in different parts of the spine, not only pain can occur, but also cramps and muscle tension.Experts believe that this is the body's response to pain.Muscle relaxants are prescribed to relax the muscles.According to the instructions, the products increase peripheral blood flow, reduce spasms and cramps.
With chondrosis and osteochondrosis, damaged cartilage tissue and intervertebral discs require special nutrition and recovery.For these purposes, the doctor can prescribe chondroprotectors. Such drugs require long-term use, the course of treatment is usually at least two months.
With osteochondrosis, tissue trophism usually worsens, and the patient may experience migraines and other complications.To improve microcirculation in the blood, antispasmodics and vasodilators are prescribed.Medicines help to restore the capillary blood flow, due to which the sensitivity of the skin is restored over time if it has been weakened.
For osteochondrosis and other diseases of the spine and musculoskeletal system, vitamins are mandatory.The most important of them is PP or nicotinic acid.The drug helps to reduce cholesterol in the blood, ensures the normal course of oxidative and reduction reactions in tissues.
In addition to vitamin PP, the doctor can prescribe retinol, tocopherol, B vitamins, etc.
Blockades for osteochondrosis
If severe muscle pain occurs that interferes with movement and affects a person's performance, then blockades are used.In this case, the doctor injects the drug directly into the projections of the nerve fibers in the spine.
Relief from pain and spasms occurs immediately, but this is a temporary measure.The patient requires complex treatment that eliminates not only the symptoms, but also the causes of the pathology.Depending on the indications, the patient may be prescribed tablets, ointments, physiotherapy etc.
Ointments that help with osteochondrosis
To maintain the effect of using the tablets and eliminate pain, the doctor can prescribe painkillers and warming ointments.The effect is achieved by improving blood flow to the affected area, i.e. increasing tissue nutrition.
There are less aggressive anti-inflammatory ointments, the medicinal substance of which penetrates deep into the tissue, suppresses inflammatory processes and eliminates pain.
When the inflammatory process has subsided, it is allowed to use chondroprotectors in the form of ointments.Despite the fact that these are drugs for external use, they are able to stop degenerative processes in the joints of the spine.In addition, chondroprotectors stimulate the production of intra-articular secretions and have a mild analgesic effect.
Ointments with a complex effect are aimed at reducing inflammation, relieving pain, preventing the formation of blood clots and restoring damaged tissue.However, broad-spectrum ointments are usually prescribed with caution, since each patient may have certain contraindications to one of the effects of such a drug.
Despite the availability of the listed drugs in pharmacies, you cannot buy them without a doctor's prescription and do not self-medicate.Each medicine has a certain number of indications and contraindications that must be taken into account.
Therapeutic baths for osteochondrosis
Water therapy perfectly complements other methods of treating diseases of the joints and spine.Baths with the addition of herbs and salt help reduce the frequency of acute pain attacks and have a general strengthening effect.You can add to water:
- sea salt
- pine extract
- juniper
Diet and nutrition for osteochondrosis
Correct eating habits help prevent many diseases.Osteochondrosis can also be caused by excess weight.Reducing body weight reduces the load on the spine and cartilage tissue.
With osteochondrosis, it is important to monitor the calorie content of food and give preference to products of vegetable origin.Experts recommend consuming foods rich in microelements such as zinc, cobalt, iron, calcium and magnesium.
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You can't do that |
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Jellied meat and low-fat fish, jelly, low-fat meat broth. |
Fried meat and fish, purchased ready meals, smoked meat, sausages, lard. |
Low-fat milk, cottage cheese, hard cheeses, milk porridge. |
Heavy cream, creme fraiche, margarine. |
Cabbage, beets, salads, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, broccoli, sweet peppers. |
Radish, turnip, radish, celery, herbs. |
Black bread. |
Cakes, bread and rolls made from white flour. |
Fermented milk drinks, freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices, smoothies, herbal teas. |
Sweet carbonated drinks, strong black tea and coffee, alcohol. |
Dried fruits and nuts. |
Marinades and pickles. |
Berry and fruit jelly. |
Sweet confection. |
Osteochondrosis is a complex disease that is difficult to treat.It is best to consult a doctor at the first signs of illness, in which case the prescribed therapy will be most effective.Spinal cord diseases are most difficult to treat at a late stage.With advanced osteochondrosis, hospitalization or even surgery may be required.At the same time, don't give up.Modern medicine and pharmacology offer sufficient means for patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system to maintain good health and quickly get rid of acute attacks.